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Osmium vs Calcium

Osmium
Calcium
Calcium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
Ca  
Group Number
8  
10
2  
16
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7440702  
21
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1808  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
1.10 %  
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
5.00 %  
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
5
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
1.40 %  
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3  
4
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
170,000.00 p.p.m.  
1
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
839.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
1,484.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
1.75  
18
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
170.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
170.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
Ca  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
0.95  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.04  
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.08  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.03  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
3.00  
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
589.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol  
7
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,491.00 kJ/mol  
15
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
8,153.00 kJ/mol  
11
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
10,496.00 kJ/mol  
14
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
12,270.00 kJ/mol  
12
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
14,206.00 kJ/mol  
15
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,191.00 kJ/mol  
12
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
20,385.00 kJ/mol  
16
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
57,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
63,410.00 kJ/mol  
9
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
70,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
78,890.00 kJ/mol  
4
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
86,310.00 kJ/mol  
11
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
94,000.00 kJ/mol  
6
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
104,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
111,711.00 kJ/mol  
8
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
2.87 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
20  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Ar] 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
20  
99+
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
20  
99+
Number of Electrons
76  
39
20  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
197.00 pm  
8
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
176.00 pm  
24
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
231.00 pm  
23
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
40.08 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
29.90 cm3/mol  
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
29.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
558.84 pm  
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.55  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
1.55 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
1.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
20.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
6
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
25.50 (Pa)  
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
7.40 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
17.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
20.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
4.58  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
33.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.30 106/cm Ω  
6
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
2.37 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.63 J/(kg K)  
7
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
25.93 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
201.00 W/m·K  
5
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
1,115.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
22.30 µm/(m·K)  
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
8.54 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
184.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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