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Osmium vs Calcium

Osmium
Calcium
Calcium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os   
Ca   
Group Number
8   
10
2   
16
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
s block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7440702   
21
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1808   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
7 * 10-3 %   
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.007 %   
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
1.10 %   
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
5.00 %   
3
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
1.40 %   
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3   
4
In Bone
Not Available   
170,000.00 p.p.m.   
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
839.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
1,484.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
1.75   
17
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
170.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os   
Ca   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.00   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.95   
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.04   
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.08   
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
1.03   
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
3.00   
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,491.00 kJ/mol   
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,153.00 kJ/mol   
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,496.00 kJ/mol   
8
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,270.00 kJ/mol   
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,206.00 kJ/mol   
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,191.00 kJ/mol   
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,385.00 kJ/mol   
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
57,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
63,410.00 kJ/mol   
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
70,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
78,890.00 kJ/mol   
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,310.00 kJ/mol   
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,000.00 kJ/mol   
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
111,711.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
2.87 eV   
38
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76   
40
20   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Ar] 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76   
39
20   
99+
Number of Neutrons
114   
25
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
76   
39
20   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
197.00 pm   
6
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
176.00 pm   
22
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
231.00 pm   
19
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
40.08 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
558.84 pm   
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
25.50 (Pa)   
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
7.40 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
17.00 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
20.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
4.58   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
201.00 W/m·K   
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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