Osmium vs Lead
Periodic Table
Symbol
Os
Pb
Group Number
8
10
14
4
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440042
99+
7439921
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Unknown
Discovery
In 1803
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %
21
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.000001 %
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
11
In Bone
Not Available
30.00 p.p.m.
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C
3
327.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C
6
1,740.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
1
38.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
1,190.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os
Pb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.87
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.29
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52
12
1.55
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.41
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
19
1.85
8
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
1.67
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol
12
715.60 kJ/mol
31
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol
23
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,083.00 kJ/mol
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,640.00 kJ/mol
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
3.87 g/amp-hr
9
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV
8
4.25 eV
21
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76
40
82
34
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
76
39
82
34
Number of Neutrons
114
25
125
19
Number of Electrons
76
39
82
34
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm
99+
175.00 pm
19
Covalent Radius
Not Available
146.00 pm
38
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
202.00 pm
27
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu
35
207.20 amu
30
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
18.17 cm3/mol
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)
12
24.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm
99+
495.08 pm
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
14
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3
9
11.34 g/cm3
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3
1
10.66 g/cm3
15
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa
4
12.00 MPa
20
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
1.64 (Pa)
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa
1
5.60 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa
1
46.00 GPa
24
Young's Modulus
Not Available
16.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
0.44
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
22.57
2
11.35
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m
35
208.00 nΩ·m
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
0.05 106/cm Ω
36
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol
9
35.10 kJ/mol
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
26.65 J/mol·K
26
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K
19
35.30 W/m·K
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
28.90 µm/(m·K)
13
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol
7
179.40 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol
4
4.77 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol
6
194.60 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
64.80 J/mol.K
17
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