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Osmium vs Lead

Osmium
Lead
Lead vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os   
Pb   
Group Number
8   
10
14   
4
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7439921   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1803   
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.000001 %   
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
In Bone
Not Available   
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
327.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
1,740.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
38.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os   
Pb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.87   
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.29   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.55   
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.41   
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
1.85   
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
1.67   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76   
40
82   
34
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76   
39
82   
34
Number of Neutrons
114   
25
125   
19
Number of Electrons
76   
39
82   
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
175.00 pm   
19
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
202.00 pm   
27
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
207.20 amu   
30
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
495.08 pm   
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
11.34 g/cm3   
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
10.66 g/cm3   
15
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
12.00 MPa   
20
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
5.60 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
46.00 GPa   
24
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
16.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.44   
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
11.35   
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
35.30 W/m·K   
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
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