Mercury Zinc Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg
Zn
Group Number
12
6
12
6
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439976
99+
7440666
24
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
166.00
6
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Indian metallurgists
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE
Before 1000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
3 * 10-5 %
11
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0002 %
10
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %
9
0.01 %
16
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
10
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.
19
170.00 p.p.m.
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available
419.58 °C
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C
99+
907.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Liquid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
327.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s
99+
3,850.00 m/s
18
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00
3
1.00
2
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
80.00 %
5
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg
Zn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
1.65
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
2.23
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.66
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81
9
1.65
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.44
30
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
2.35
35
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
906.40 kJ/mol
6
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV
15
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80
36
30
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
80
36
30
99+
Number of Neutrons
121
22
35
99+
Number of Electrons
80
36
30
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu
32
65.38 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol
35
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)
99+
38.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm
99+
266.49 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3
24
7.14 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
6.57 g/cm3
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
0.00
1
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
43.00 GPa
18
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
70.00 GPa
19
Young's Modulus
Not Available
108.00 GPa
19
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.53
16
6.90
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m
1
59.00 nΩ·m
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K
13
25.47 J/mol·K
39
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K
99+
116.00 W/m·K
14
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K
6
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K
6
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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