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Properties of Bismuth and Thallium

Bismuth
Thallium
Properties of Thallium & Bismuth


Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C   
99+
303.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C   
99+
1,457.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25   
15
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa   
99+
26.50 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
818.00 m/s   
99+
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi   
Tl   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02   
6
1.62   
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34   
3
2.25   
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67   
6
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15   
4
1.96   
6
Allen Electronegativity
2.01   
4
1.79   
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98   
99+
2.38   
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
3.84 eV   
28
Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3   
39
11.85 g/cm3   
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3   
18
11.22 g/cm3   
13
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa   
99+
2.80 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa   
38
43.00 GPa   
28
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa   
99+
8.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.33   
11
0.45   
2
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Sectility is the ability to be cut into pieces. Metals and paper are sectile.Sectile   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi   
Tl   
Group Number
15   
3
13   
5
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
Element Family
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83   
33
81   
35
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu   
29
204.38 amu   
31
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83   
33
81   
35
Number of Neutrons
126   
18
123   
20
Number of Electrons
83   
33
81   
35
Crystal Structure
?
Rhombohedral crystal lattice structure comes under trigonal crystal structure. The Rhombohedral crystal structure is a term associated trigonal crystal structure with the rhombohedral lattice.Rhombohedral (RHO)   
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm   
36
145.00 pm   
39
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm   
26
196.00 pm   
30
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm   
2
345.66 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.60   
6
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Lead
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Mercury
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
Electrical Property
?
Semiconductor metals have conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.Semiconductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79   
30
11.85   
22
Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
6
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
6
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
46.10 W/m·K   
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
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