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Properties of Cerium and Thulium

Cerium
Thulium
Properties of Thulium & Cerium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C   
99+
1,545.00 °C   
23
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C   
23
1,730.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa   
99+
471.00 MPa   
25
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa   
32
520.00 MPa   
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce   
Tm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12   
99+
1.25   
35
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
1.11   
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88   
11
2.75   
19
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV   
39
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
9.32 g/cm3   
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3   
38
8.56 g/cm3   
24
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
34
0.06 (Pa)   
10
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)   
13
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa   
99+
30.50 GPa   
22
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa   
99+
44.50 GPa   
26
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa   
99+
74.00 GPa   
27
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
27
0.21   
31
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce   
Tm   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58   
99+
69   
99+
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu   
99+
168.93 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
18.10 cm3/mol   
28
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
49.70 (-eV)   
28
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
58   
99+
69   
99+
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
100   
32
Number of Electrons
58   
99+
69   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal structure and its double hexagonal crystal structure is one of the 7 crystal structure, The hexagonal lattice system consists of just one Bravais lattice type: the hexagonal shape.Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm   
12
176.00 pm   
18
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm   
8
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm   
17
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm   
34
353.75 pm   
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Praseodymium
  
Ytterbium
  
Previous Element
Lanthanum
  
Erbium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
676.00 nΩ·m   
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
16.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
27.03 J/mol·K   
22
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
74.00 J/mol.K   
9
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
16.80 kJ/mol   
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+
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