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Properties of Europium and Terbium

Europium
Terbium
Properties of Terbium & Europium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C   
99+
1,356.00 °C   
33
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C   
99+
3,123.00 °C   
29
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
677.00 MPa   
17
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa   
34
863.00 MPa   
13
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,620.00 m/s   
35
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu   
Tb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01   
22
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.10   
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol   
99+
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr   
33
1.98 g/amp-hr   
31
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV   
99+
3.00 eV   
36
Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3   
99+
8.23 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3   
99+
7.65 g/cm3   
30
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)   
4
0.00 (Pa)   
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
12.50 (Pa)   
8
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
60.00 MPa   
17
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa   
99+
22.10 GPa   
32
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa   
99+
38.70 GPa   
33
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa   
99+
55.70 GPa   
34
Poisson Ratio
0.15   
34
0.26   
21
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu   
Tb   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63   
99+
65   
99+
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu   
99+
158.93 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol   
8
19.20 cm3/mol   
22
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2   
[Xe] 4f9 6s2   
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)   
35
46.80 (-eV)   
33
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63   
99+
65   
99+
Number of Neutrons
89   
38
94   
36
Number of Electrons
63   
99+
65   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
177.00 pm   
17
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
194.00 pm   
16
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm   
18
221.00 pm   
22
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm   
17
360.10 pm   
36
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Dysprosium
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Gadolinium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m   
99+
1.15 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24   
99+
8.23   
39
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K   
99+
11.10 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K   
16
28.91 J/mol·K   
9
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)   
8
10.30 µm/(m·K)   
38
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K   
4
73.20 J/mol.K   
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol   
99+
330.90 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol   
37
10.80 kJ/mol   
34
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
314.00 kJ/mol   
33
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