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Properties of Gadolinium and Neodymium

Gadolinium
Neodymium
Properties of Neodymium & Gadolinium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C   
35
1,010.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C   
25
3,127.00 °C   
28
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
265.00 MPa   
35
Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa   
22
345.00 MPa   
27
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
2,330.00 m/s   
38
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Gd   
Nd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
1.14   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.07   
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80   
15
2.86   
13
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
533.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,040.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,130.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
1.79 g/amp-hr   
37
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
3.20 eV   
34
Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Flammable, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Flammable, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3   
99+
7.01 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm3   
31
6.89 g/cm3   
36
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
30
0.00 (Pa)   
21
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)   
9
101.00 (Pa)   
2
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa   
33
16.30 GPa   
38
Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa   
34
31.80 GPa   
37
Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa   
35
41.40 GPa   
40
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
23
0.28   
16
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Gd   
Nd   
Group Number
0   
18
1   
17
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
64   
99+
60   
99+
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
144.24 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
20.60 cm3/mol   
18
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2   
[Xe] 4f4 6s2   
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)   
34
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
64   
99+
60   
99+
Number of Neutrons
93   
37
84   
40
Number of Electrons
64   
99+
60   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal structure and its double hexagonal crystal structure is one of the 7 crystal structure, The hexagonal lattice system consists of just one Bravais lattice type: the hexagonal shape.Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
181.00 pm   
13
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm   
14
201.00 pm   
10
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
229.00 pm   
20
Lattice Constant
363.60 pm   
32
365.80 pm   
30
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
9
1.61   
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Terbium
  
Promethium
  
Previous Element
Europium
  
Praseodymium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m   
99+
643.00 nΩ·m   
6
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
NA   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.90   
40
7.00   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K   
99+
16.50 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K   
2
27.45 J/mol·K   
17
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
9.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K   
16
71.50 J/mol.K   
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol   
21
273.00 kJ/mol   
34
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol   
36
7.14 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol   
27
322.00 kJ/mol   
32
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