Properties of Gallium and Gold
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C
  
99+
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C
  
99+
2,807.00 °C
  
36
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa
  
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s
  
31
2,030.00 m/s
  
99+
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Ga
  
Au
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol
  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol
  
13
1,980.00 kJ/mol
  
12
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol
  
28
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr
  
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr
  
21
Other Chemical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3
  
99+
19.30 g/cm3
  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
  
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
Symbol
Ga
  
Au
  
Period Number
4
  
6
  
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol
  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol
  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
  
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)
  
19
43.40 (-eV)
  
99+
Atom
  
  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
  
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
  
29
0.45 106/cm Ω
  
3
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
  
31
222.80 kJ/mol
  
1
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)
  
16
0.13 J/(kg K)
  
39
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K
  
34
318.00 W/m·K
  
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
  
35
25.42 J/mol·K
  
40
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)
  
24
14.20 µm/(m·K)
  
26
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K
  
38
47.40 J/mol.K
  
32
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol
  
36
324.40 kJ/mol
  
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol
  
99+
12.55 kJ/mol
  
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol
  
39
364.00 kJ/mol
  
25