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Properties of Hafnium and Promethium

Hafnium
Promethium
Properties of Promethium & Hafnium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C   
10
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C   
5
3,000.00 °C   
31
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa   
6
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa   
5
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s   
27
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hf   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.07   
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.16   
37
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV   
27
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3   
26
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3   
12
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa   
8
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa   
15
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa   
25
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf   
Pm   
Group Number
4   
14
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
72   
99+
61   
99+
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu   
39
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol   
38
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)   
16
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
72   
99+
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
106   
29
84   
40
Number of Electrons
72   
99+
61   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal structure and its double hexagonal crystal structure is one of the 7 crystal structure, The hexagonal lattice system consists of just one Bravais lattice type: the hexagonal shape.Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm   
23
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
236.00 pm   
16
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
12
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Tantalum
  
Samarium
  
Previous Element
Lutetium
  
Neodymium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m   
14
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
39
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.31   
18
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K   
99+
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K   
36
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K   
34
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol   
8
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol   
5
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
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