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Properties of Ruthenium and Lutetium


Properties of Lutetium & Ruthenium


Physical Properties

Melting Point
2,250.00 °C   
8
1,652.00 °C   
19

Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C   
14
3,402.00 °C   
19

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa   
3
893.00 MPa   
10

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,160.00 MPa   
8

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   

Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s   
4
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ru   
Lu   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
26   
13
35   
4

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.27   
34

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.14   
28

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.54   
25
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.73   
20

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol   
32
523.50 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol   
99+
1,340.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol   
37
2,022.30 kJ/mol   
99+

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.18 g/amp-hr   
23

Electron Work Function
4.71 eV   
9
3.30 eV   
33

Other Chemical Properties
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3   
27
9.84 g/cm3   
38

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3   
16
9.30 g/cm3   
22

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
33

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
3.18 (Pa)   
11

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa   
4
27.20 GPa   
26

Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa   
7
47.60 GPa   
23

Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa   
3
68.60 GPa   
30

Poisson Ratio
0.30   
14
0.26   
21

Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable
  
NA   

Periodic Table

Symbol
Ru   
Lu   

Group Number
8   
10
Not Available   

Period Number
5   
6   

Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block
  
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block
  

Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal
  
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide
  

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
44   
99+
71   
99+

Atomic Weight
101.07 amu   
99+
174.97 amu   
40

Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
17.78 cm3/mol   
30

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1   
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1   

Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)   
22
50.90 (-eV)   
26

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
44   
99+
71   
99+

Number of Neutrons
57   
99+
104   
30

Number of Electrons
44   
99+
71   
99+

Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  

Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
174.00 pm   
20

Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
187.00 pm   
20

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
221.00 pm   
22

Lattice Constant
270.59 pm   
99+
350.31 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
11
1.59   
10

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Next Element
Rhodium
  
Hafnium
  

Previous Element
Technetium
  
Ytterbium
  

Magnetic Properties

Electrical Properties
  
  

Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m   
38
582.00 nΩ·m   
9

Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
16
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol   
10
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
12.45   
19
9.84   
29

Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  

Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   

Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
24
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36

Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K   
13
16.40 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
26.86 J/mol·K   
24

Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40

Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K   
99+
51.00 J/mol.K   
30

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol   
10
355.90 kJ/mol   
22

Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol   
7
18.70 kJ/mol   
13

Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol   
9
398.00 kJ/mol   
20

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