Properties of Yttrium and Europium
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C
  
27
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C
  
21
1,597.00 °C
  
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s
  
23
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Y
  
Eu
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
  
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
547.10 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,085.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,404.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.89 g/amp-hr
  
33
Other Chemical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3
  
99+
5.26 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3
  
99+
5.13 g/cm3
  
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Symbol
Y
  
Eu
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
5
  
6
  
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol
  
21
28.90 cm3/mol
  
8
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
  
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
  
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)
  
30
45.60 (-eV)
  
35
Atom
  
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol
  
30
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)
  
18
0.18 J/(kg K)
  
33
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K
  
99+
13.90 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K
  
27
27.66 J/mol·K
  
16
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)
  
37
35.00 µm/(m·K)
  
8
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K
  
33
77.80 J/mol.K
  
4
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol
  
18
143.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol
  
16
9.21 kJ/mol
  
37
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol
  
18
180.00 kJ/mol
  
99+