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Sodium Gallium Comparison


Gallium Sodium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Na   
Ga   

Group Number
1   
17
13   
5

Period Number
3   
4   

Block
s block   
p block   

Element Family
Alkali   
Post-​Transition   

CAS Number
7440235   
99+
7440553   
32

Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Cmca   

Space Group Number
229.00   
1
64.00   
9

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  

Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Humphry Davy   
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   

Discovery
In 1807   
In 1875   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %   
6
1 * 10-6 %   
16

Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %   
6
~0.000004 %   
16

Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 %   
6
0.00 %   
16

Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 %   
5
0.00 %   
24

Abundance In Oceans
1.10 %   
1
0.00 %   
22

Abundance In Humans
0.14 %   
3
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  

Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
1
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13

In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.   
2
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
97.72 °C   
99+
29.78 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
883.00 °C   
99+
2,403.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
0.50   
22
1.50   
18

Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa   
99+
56.80 MPa   
99+

Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s   
24
2,740.00 m/s   
31

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Na   
Ga   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
17   
22
24   
15

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
0.93   
99+
1.81   
15

Sanderson Electronegativity
0.56   
30
2.42   
2

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.01   
35
1.82   
1

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.91   
21
2.01   
5

Allen Electronegativity
0.87   
99+
1.76   
14

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
3.07   
6
2.19   
39

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol   
99+
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol   
4
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13

3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol   
6
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28

4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol   
5
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8

5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   

11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
2.75 eV   
40
4.20 eV   
23

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
11   
99+
31   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   

Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
11   
99+
31   
99+

Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
39   
99+

Number of Electrons
11   
99+
31   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
135.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
166.00 pm   
27
122.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm   
21
187.00 pm   
32

Atomic Weight
22.99 amu   
99+
69.72 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol   
10
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Beryllium
  
Zinc
  

Next Element
Magnesium
  
Rubidium
  

Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)   
99+
69.70 (-eV)   
19

Lattice Constant
429.06 pm   
19
451.97 pm   
18

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm3   
99+
5.91 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3   
99+
6.10 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
15

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa   
99+
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa   
99+
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa   
99+
9.80 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.47   
1

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
0.97   
99+
5.91   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   

Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m   
99+
270.00 nΩ·m   
15

Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω   
9
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29

Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol   
19
28.90 kJ/mol   
31

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)   
3
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16

Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K   
10
25.86 J/mol·K   
35

Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K   
11
40.60 W/m·K   
34

Critical Temperature
2,573.00 K   
2
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)   
4
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol   
99+
256.10 kJ/mol   
36

Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol   
99+
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol   
99+
276.10 kJ/mol   
39

Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K   
28
40.80 J/mol.K   
38

Summary >>
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