Symbol
Ti
  
Bi
  
Period Number
4
  
6
  
Block
d block
  
p block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Post-Transition
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
C12/m1
  
Interesting Facts
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
  
Claude François Geoffroy
  
Discovery
In 1791
  
In 1753
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %
  
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
Pharmaceutical Industry
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Low Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
  
16
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
  
20
In Bone
Not Available
  
0.20 p.p.m.
  
22
Melting Point
1,660.00 °C
  
18
Boiling Point
3,287.00 °C
  
22
1,560.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery Gray-White
  
Silver
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s
  
9
1,790.00 m/s
  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Ti
  
Bi
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol
  
39
703.00 kJ/mol
  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol
  
33
3rd Energy Level
2,652.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,174.60 kJ/mol
  
32
4,370.00 kJ/mol
  
28
5th Energy Level
9,581.00 kJ/mol
  
5
5,400.00 kJ/mol
  
30
6th Energy Level
11,533.00 kJ/mol
  
6
8,520.00 kJ/mol
  
19
7th Energy level
13,590.00 kJ/mol
  
6
Not Available
  
8th Energy Level
16,440.00 kJ/mol
  
8
Not Available
  
9th Energy Level
18,530.00 kJ/mol
  
11
Not Available
  
10th Energy Level
20,833.00 kJ/mol
  
15
Not Available
  
11th Energy Level
25,575.00 kJ/mol
  
14
Not Available
  
12th Energy Level
28,125.00 kJ/mol
  
14
Not Available
  
13th Energy Level
76,015.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Not Available
  
14th Energy Level
83,280.00 kJ/mol
  
2
Not Available
  
15th Energy Level
90,880.00 kJ/mol
  
3
Not Available
  
16th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
17th Energy Level
109,100.00 kJ/mol
  
5
Not Available
  
18th Energy Level
117,800.00 kJ/mol
  
6
Not Available
  
19th Energy Level
129,900.00 kJ/mol
  
7
Not Available
  
20th Energy Level
137,530.00 kJ/mol
  
9
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr
  
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr
  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Rhombohedral (RHO)
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100
  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol
  
99+
21.30 cm3/mol
  
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)
  
10
41.90 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
NA
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3
  
99+
10.05 g/cm3
  
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Diamagnetic
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
  
Semiconductor
  
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m
  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol
  
37
91.20 kJ/mol
  
11
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)
  
9
0.12 J/(kg K)
  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K
  
99+
25.52 J/mol·K
  
37
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K
  
99+
7.97 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)
  
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol
  
15
151.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
  
19
10.90 kJ/mol
  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol
  
15
207.10 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
  
99+
56.70 J/mol.K
  
24