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Titanium vs Polonium

Titanium
Polonium
Polonium vs Titanium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ti  
Po  
Group Number
4  
14
16  
2
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440326  
99+
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
  • Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In 1791  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %  
11
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %  
7
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.57 %  
2
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
  • Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
16
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.60 p.p.m.  
21
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,660.00 °C  
18
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,287.00 °C  
23
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray-White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
716.00 MPa  
16
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
830.00 MPa  
21
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s  
13
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
56.00 %  
26
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ti  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
23  
16
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.54  
27
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.09  
39
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.32  
24
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54  
24
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.38  
36
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.46  
28
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
39
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
2,652.50 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,174.60 kJ/mol  
99+
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
9,581.00 kJ/mol  
5
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
11,533.00 kJ/mol  
8
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
13,590.00 kJ/mol  
6
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
16,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
18,530.00 kJ/mol  
11
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
20,833.00 kJ/mol  
15
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
25,575.00 kJ/mol  
14
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
28,125.00 kJ/mol  
37
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
76,015.00 kJ/mol  
1
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
83,280.00 kJ/mol  
2
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
90,880.00 kJ/mol  
4
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
109,100.00 kJ/mol  
5
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
117,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
129,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
137,530.00 kJ/mol  
9
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
30
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
32
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
31
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
32
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
37
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
38
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
34
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV  
24
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
22  
99+
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22  
99+
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
26  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
22  
99+
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm  
36
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm  
32
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Scandium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Vanadium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)  
10
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
30
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa  
10
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa  
20
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.51  
99+
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,941.00 K  
21
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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