Zirconium Lead Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr
Pb
Group Number
4
14
14
4
Period Number
5
6
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440677
23
7439921
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Unknown
Discovery
In 1789
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %
13
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.000001 %
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
17
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
14
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
23
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
21
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
11
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.
23
30.00 p.p.m.
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C
15
327.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C
11
1,740.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.00
8
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa
19
38.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s
20
1,190.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zr
Pb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33
30
1.87
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90
25
2.29
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.55
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.41
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.32
34
1.85
8
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67
24
1.67
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol
99+
715.60 kJ/mol
31
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol
23
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,083.00 kJ/mol
35
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol
10
6,640.00 kJ/mol
20
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr
9
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV
26
4.25 eV
21
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
40
99+
82
34
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
40
99+
82
34
Number of Neutrons
51
99+
125
19
Number of Electrons
40
99+
82
34
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
175.00 pm
19
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm
23
146.00 pm
38
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
202.00 pm
27
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu
99+
207.20 amu
30
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol
36
18.17 cm3/mol
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)
18
24.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm
99+
495.08 pm
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
8
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3
99+
11.34 g/cm3
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3
99+
10.66 g/cm3
15
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa
12
12.00 MPa
20
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
1.64 (Pa)
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
21
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa
20
5.60 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa
17
46.00 GPa
24
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa
22
16.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34
10
0.44
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.51
99+
11.35
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m
11
208.00 nΩ·m
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω
36
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol
27
35.10 kJ/mol
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)
19
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
26.65 J/mol·K
26
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K
99+
35.30 W/m·K
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
28.90 µm/(m·K)
13
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol
9
179.40 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol
11
4.77 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol
10
194.60 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K
39
64.80 J/mol.K
17
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