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Mercury Palladium Comparison

Mercury
Palladium
Palladium Mercury comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
Pd  
Group Number
12  
6
10  
8
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.09 %  
2
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
-38.83 °C  
99+
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hg  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
17
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
34
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
20
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
80  
36
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
121  
23
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
80  
36
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.42  
99+
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
25
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.55 g/cm3  
27
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
4
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
25.00 GPa  
99+
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
27
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
33
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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