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Mercury Palladium Comparison

Mercury
Palladium
Palladium Mercury comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Pd   
Group Number
12   
6
10   
8
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439976   
99+
7440053   
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000003 %   
24
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %   
9
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
Not Available   
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
1,554.90 °C   
22
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
2,963.00 °C   
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
4.75   
9
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
320.00 MPa   
33
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
121.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
3,070.00 m/s   
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
1.72   
1
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Pd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
38   
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
2.20   
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.35   
21
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
5.12 eV   
3
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
46   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Kr] 4d10   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
46   
99+
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
60   
99+
Number of Electrons
80   
36
46   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
137.00 pm   
40
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
106.42 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
33.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
389.07 pm   
25
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
12.02 g/cm3   
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.38 g/cm3   
17
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
121.00 GPa   
16
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.39   
5
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
12.02   
21
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
105.40 nΩ·m   
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
54.23 kJ/mol   
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
25.98 J/mol·K   
33
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
71.80 W/m·K   
23
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
376.60 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
16.74 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
393.30 kJ/mol   
22
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
37.60 J/mol.K   
40
Summary >>
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