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Mercury vs Magnesium

Mercury
Magnesium
Magnesium vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Mg   
Group Number
12   
6
2   
16
Period Number
6   
3   
Block
d block   
s block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7439976   
99+
7439954   
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Joseph Black   
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE   
In 1755   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-2 %   
2
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.07 %   
2
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
12.00 %   
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %   
9
2.90 %   
4
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.13 %   
2
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.03 %   
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
650.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
1,107.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
260.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
4,940.00 m/s   
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
74.00 %   
7
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Mg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
15   
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.31   
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
1.32   
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.23   
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
1.37   
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
1.29   
35
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.69   
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
7th Energy level
Not Available   
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
3.66 eV   
29
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
12   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Ne] 3s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
12   
99+
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
12   
99+
Number of Electrons
80   
36
12   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
160.00 pm   
27
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
141.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
173.00 pm   
37
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
24.31 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
320.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
17.00 GPa   
37
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
45.00 GPa   
25
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
45.00 GPa   
39
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
1.74   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
156.00 W/m·K   
8
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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