Home
 Compare Metals

Mercury vs Thorium

Mercury
Thorium
Thorium vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
Th  
Group Number
12  
6
0  
18
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
7440326  
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
166.00  
6
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Jöns Jakob Berzelius  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
In 1829  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
3 * 10-4 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.0004 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.05 %  
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
0.66 %  
7
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
19
0.02 p.p.m.  
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available  
1,750.00 °C  
17
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
4,790.00 °C  
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
NA  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
3.00  
12
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
390.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
295.00 MPa  
29
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
2,490.00 m/s  
36
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
3
Not Available  
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
8
Not Available  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg  
Th  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
28  
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
7
1.30  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
7
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
17
1.11  
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
9
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
30
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
1,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
1,978.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
2,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
2.16 g/amp-hr  
24
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
15
3.41 eV  
32
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80  
36
90  
28
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Rn] 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
90  
28
Number of Neutrons
121  
22
142  
15
Number of Electrons
80  
36
90  
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
32
179.80 pm  
15
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
206.00 pm  
7
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
237.00 pm  
15
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
232.04 amu  
23
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
35
19.90 cm3/mol  
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
59.30 (-eV)  
23
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
508.42 pm  
14
Lattice Angles
NA  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
24
11.72 g/cm3  
32
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
0.00  
1
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
31.00 GPa  
21
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
54.00 GPa  
22
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
79.00 GPa  
24
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.27  
20
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
16
11.70  
23
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
157.00 nΩ·m  
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω  
31
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
Not Available  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
13
26.23 J/mol·K  
30
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
54.00 W/m·K  
28
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
6
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
468.60 kJ/mol  
15
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Transition Metals

Transition Metals

Transition Metals

» More Transition Metals

Compare Transition Metals

» More Compare Transition Metals
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!