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Platinum vs Scandium

Platinum
Scandium
Scandium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt  
Sc  
Group Number
10  
8
3  
15
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440064  
99+
7440202  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa  
Lars Fredrik Nilson  
Discovery
In 1735  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
39
Physical
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C  
16
1,539.00 °C  
24
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C  
15
2,832.00 °C  
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50  
12
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
750.00 MPa  
13
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
1,200.00 MPa  
13
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s  
99+
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.41  
6
1.80  
21
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
93.00 %  
3
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pt  
Sc  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.36  
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
1.02  
40
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.36  
31
Allen Electronegativity
1.72  
19
1.19  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.64  
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol  
22
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,277.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
6
7,090.60 kJ/mol  
13
5th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
9
8,843.00 kJ/mol  
7
6th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
27
10,679.00 kJ/mol  
13
7th Energy level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
13,310.00 kJ/mol  
8
8th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
15,250.00 kJ/mol  
11
9th Energy Level
5,660.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,370.00 kJ/mol  
14
10th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
21,726.00 kJ/mol  
13
11th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
24,102.00 kJ/mol  
16
12th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
66,320.00 kJ/mol  
7
13th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
73,010.00 kJ/mol  
2
14th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,160.00 kJ/mol  
3
15th Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
89,490.00 kJ/mol  
6
16th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,400.00 kJ/mol  
5
17th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
27
105,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
18th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
117,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
19th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
25
124,270.00 kJ/mol  
8
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
38
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
13
633.00 kJ/mol  
35
23rd Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
39
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
9
633.10 kJ/mol  
37
25th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
633.00 kJ/mol  
39
26th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
633.10 kJ/mol  
38
27th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
6
633.10 kJ/mol  
40
28th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
9
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr  
39
0.56 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV  
4
3.50 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
78  
38
21  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1  
[Ar] 3d1 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78  
38
21  
99+
Number of Neutrons
117  
25
24  
99+
Number of Electrons
78  
38
21  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
162.00 pm  
28
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm  
99+
211.00 pm  
32
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
44.96 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol  
99+
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)  
1
58.00 (-eV)  
25
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm  
27
330.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.59  
24
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3  
11
2.99 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3  
12
2.80 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
16
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)  
18
91.30 (Pa)  
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa  
14
29.10 GPa  
28
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
56.60 GPa  
22
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa  
15
74.40 GPa  
28
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.28  
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45  
13
2.99  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
14
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m  
30
562.00 nΩ·m  
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
26
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol  
2
18.10 kJ/mol  
39
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.60 J/(kg K)  
8
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K  
24
15.80 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,041.00 K  
19
1,814.00 K  
28
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
10.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol  
15
314.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol  
12
14.10 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol  
15
343.00 kJ/mol  
38
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
34.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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