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Platinum vs Scandium

Platinum
Scandium
Scandium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt   
Sc   
Group Number
10   
8
3   
15
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440064   
99+
7440202   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Discovery
In 1735   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
3 * 10-6 %   
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
25
0.00 %   
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C   
16
1,539.00 °C   
24
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C   
15
2,832.00 °C   
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50   
11
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa   
34
750.00 MPa   
12
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s   
29
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt   
Sc   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
1.36   
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.02   
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.20   
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.72   
16
1.19   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV   
1
3.50 eV   
31
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78   
38
21   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78   
38
21   
99+
Number of Neutrons
117   
24
24   
99+
Number of Electrons
78   
38
21   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
162.00 pm   
26
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm   
36
211.00 pm   
25
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
44.96 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)   
1
58.00 (-eV)   
24
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm   
24
330.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3   
11
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3   
2
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa   
14
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)   
18
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa   
14
29.10 GPa   
24
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa   
6
56.60 GPa   
21
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa   
14
74.40 GPa   
26
Poisson Ratio
0.38   
6
0.28   
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45   
4
2.99   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K   
24
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
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