Home
 Compare Metals

Polonium Scandium Comparison

Polonium
Scandium
Scandium Polonium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po   
Sc   
Group Number
16   
2
3   
15
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440086   
99+
7440202   
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
221.00   
3
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
3 * 10-6 %   
15
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
1,539.00 °C   
24
Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
2,832.00 °C   
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
750.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
β-polonium   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po   
Sc   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.36   
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.02   
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
1.19   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.50 eV   
31
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84   
32
21   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84   
32
21   
99+
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
24   
99+
Number of Electrons
84   
32
21   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
162.00 pm   
26
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
211.00 pm   
25
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
44.96 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
58.00 (-eV)   
24
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
330.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
29.10 GPa   
24
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
56.60 GPa   
21
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
74.40 GPa   
26
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.28   
18
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
2.99   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
<< Thermal

Compare Post Transition Metals

Post-Transition Metals

Post-Transition Metals

» More Post-Transition Metals

Compare Post Transition Metals

» More Compare Post Transition Metals
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!