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Properties of Erbium and Ytterbium

Erbium
Ytterbium
Properties of Ytterbium & Erbium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C   
28
824.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C   
99+
1,196.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa   
11
343.00 MPa   
31
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa   
19
206.00 MPa   
33
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s   
28
1,590.00 m/s   
99+
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Er   
Yb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24   
36
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.06   
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76   
18
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol   
99+
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr   
28
2.15 g/amp-hr   
25
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3   
99+
6.90 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3   
23
6.21 g/cm3   
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
20
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
58.00 MPa   
18
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa   
25
9.90 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa   
27
30.50 GPa   
39
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa   
29
23.90 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
28
0.21   
33
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Er   
Yb   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
68   
99+
70   
99+
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu   
99+
173.05 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol   
25
24.79 cm3/mol   
9
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 6s2   
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)   
29
50.30 (-eV)   
27
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
68   
99+
70   
99+
Number of Neutrons
99   
33
103   
31
Number of Electrons
68   
99+
70   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
176.00 pm   
18
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm   
19
187.00 pm   
20
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
242.00 pm   
12
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm   
39
548.47 pm   
11
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Thulium
  
Lutetium
  
Previous Element
Holmium
  
Thulium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m   
99+
0.25 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.04 106/cm Ω   
38
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.07   
32
6.97   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)   
34
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K   
99+
38.50 W/m·K   
35
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
26.30 K   
7
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K   
11
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)   
31
26.30 µm/(m·K)   
14
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K   
11
59.90 J/mol.K   
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol   
35
128.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol   
15
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol   
33
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
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