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Properties of Europium and Thallium

Europium
Thallium
Properties of Thallium & Europium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C   
99+
303.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C   
99+
1,457.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
26.50 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa   
34
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
818.00 m/s   
99+
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu   
Tl   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
1.62   
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01   
22
2.25   
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.96   
6
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.79   
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.38   
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol   
99+
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr   
33
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV   
99+
3.84 eV   
28
Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3   
99+
11.85 g/cm3   
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3   
99+
11.22 g/cm3   
13
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)   
4
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa   
99+
2.80 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa   
99+
43.00 GPa   
28
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa   
99+
8.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.15   
34
0.45   
2
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Sectility is the ability to be cut into pieces. Metals and paper are sectile.Sectile   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu   
Tl   
Group Number
Not Available   
13   
5
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63   
99+
81   
35
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu   
99+
204.38 amu   
31
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol   
8
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)   
35
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63   
99+
81   
35
Number of Neutrons
89   
38
123   
20
Number of Electrons
63   
99+
81   
35
Crystal Structure
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
145.00 pm   
39
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm   
18
196.00 pm   
30
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm   
17
345.66 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.60   
6
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Lead
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Mercury
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m   
99+
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24   
99+
11.85   
22
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K   
99+
46.10 W/m·K   
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K   
16
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)   
8
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K   
4
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol   
99+
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol   
37
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
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