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Properties of Francium and Hafnium

Francium
Hafnium
Properties of Hafnium & Francium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
27.00 °C   
99+
2,150.00 °C   
10
Boiling Point
677.00 °C   
99+
5,400.00 °C   
5
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
1,450.00 MPa   
6
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,520.00 MPa   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,010.00 m/s   
27
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fr   
Hf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.70   
99+
1.30   
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86   
99+
1.23   
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.68   
25
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.67   
99+
1.16   
37
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.30   
1
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
8.32 g/amp-hr   
1
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.90 eV   
27
Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces.Radioactivity, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.87 g/cm3   
99+
13.31 g/cm3   
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
12.00 g/cm3   
12
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
445.00 MPa   
8
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
30.00 GPa   
23
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
78.00 GPa   
25
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Fr   
Hf   
Group Number
1   
17
4   
14
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
?
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table that includes elements from the first two columns, the alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2), plus helium.s block   
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
Element Family
?
All alkali metals are placed under group number 1 and s-block of periodic table. These metals are highly reactive and are found in ores of other metals and minerals. Alkali metals can be easily distinguished from others as these metals have only 1 electronAlkali   
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
87   
31
72   
99+
Atomic Weight
223.00 amu   
27
178.49 amu   
39
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
13.60 cm3/mol   
38
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2   
Valence Electron Potential
8.00 (-eV)   
99+
81.00 (-eV)   
16
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
87   
31
72   
99+
Number of Neutrons
136   
17
106   
29
Number of Electrons
87   
31
72   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
159.00 pm   
28
Covalent Radius
260.00 pm   
1
175.00 pm   
23
Van der Waals Radius
348.00 pm   
1
200.00 pm   
28
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
319.64 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Radium
  
Tantalum
  
Previous Element
Polonium
  
Lutetium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
3.00 nΩ·m   
99+
331.00 nΩ·m   
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
0.03 106/cm Ω   
39
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Electrical Property
?
Poor conductor metals have moderate resistance to electric currents. They can conduct electric current through them with very low efficiency.Poor Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
13.31   
18
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
Thermal Conductivity
15.00 W/m·K   
99+
23.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.73 J/mol·K   
36
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
5.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
43.60 J/mol.K   
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
661.10 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
25.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
71.00 kJ/mol   
99+
703.00 kJ/mol   
5
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