Properties of Gadolinium and Calcium
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C
  
35
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C
  
25
1,484.00 °C
  
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
170.00 MPa
  
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s
  
34
3,810.00 m/s
  
19
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Gd
  
Ca
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
589.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol
  
7
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr
  
32
0.75 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3
  
99+
1.55 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm3
  
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
Symbol
Gd
  
Ca
  
Period Number
6
  
4
  
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol
  
20
29.90 cm3/mol
  
7
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
  
[Ar] 4s2
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)
  
34
29.00 (-eV)
  
99+
Atom
  
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
33.60 nΩ·m
  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.30 106/cm Ω
  
6
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
2.37 kJ/mol
  
39
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
27
0.63 J/(kg K)
  
7
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K
  
99+
201.00 W/m·K
  
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K
  
2
25.93 J/mol·K
  
34
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
22.30 µm/(m·K)
  
19
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K
  
16
41.60 J/mol.K
  
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol
  
21
150.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol
  
36
8.54 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol
  
27
184.00 kJ/mol
  
99+