Properties of Gadolinium and Nickel
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C
  
35
1,453.00 °C
  
31
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C
  
25
2,732.00 °C
  
38
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s
  
34
4,900.00 m/s
  
12
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Gd
  
Ni
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol
  
25
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol
  
25
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3,395.00 kJ/mol
  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr
  
32
1.10 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3
  
99+
8.91 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Symbol
Gd
  
Ni
  
Period Number
6
  
4
  
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol
  
20
6.59 cm3/mol
  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
  
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)
  
34
42.00 (-eV)
  
99+
Atom
  
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω
  
13
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
112.00 kJ/mol
  
6
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
  
Ferromagnetic
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
27
0.44 J/(kg K)
  
13
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K
  
99+
90.90 W/m·K
  
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K
  
2
26.07 J/mol·K
  
31
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)
  
28
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K
  
16
29.90 J/mol.K
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol
  
21
371.80 kJ/mol
  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol
  
36
17.57 kJ/mol
  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol
  
27
422.60 kJ/mol
  
17