Properties of Gallium and Ruthenium
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C
  
99+
3,900.00 °C
  
14
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa
  
3
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s
  
31
5,970.00 m/s
  
4
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Ga
  
Ru
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol
  
32
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol
  
13
710.22 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol
  
28
2,747.00 kJ/mol
  
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.26 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3
  
99+
12.45 g/cm3
  
27
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
  
99+
10.65 g/cm3
  
16
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
Symbol
Ga
  
Ru
  
Period Number
4
  
5
  
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol
  
99+
8.30 cm3/mol
  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
  
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
  
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)
  
19
64.00 (-eV)
  
22
Atom
  
  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
  
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
  
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
  
29
0.14 106/cm Ω
  
16
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
  
31
101.30 kJ/mol
  
10
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)
  
16
0.24 J/(kg K)
  
24
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K
  
34
117.00 W/m·K
  
13
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
  
35
24.06 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)
  
24
6.40 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K
  
38
28.50 J/mol.K
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol
  
36
567.80 kJ/mol
  
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol
  
99+
25.50 kJ/mol
  
7
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol
  
39
603.00 kJ/mol
  
9