Properties of Holmium and Gadolinium
Melting Point
1,461.00 °C
  
30
1,311.00 °C
  
35
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C
  
99+
3,233.00 °C
  
25
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s
  
30
2,680.00 m/s
  
34
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Ho
  
Gd
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
593.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,990.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr
  
29
1.96 g/amp-hr
  
32
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3
  
99+
7.90 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Symbol
Ho
  
Gd
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
6
  
6
  
Atomic Weight
164.93 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol
  
24
19.90 cm3/mol
  
20
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
  
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
  
Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)
  
31
46.10 (-eV)
  
34
Atom
  
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100
  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)
  
35
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
27
Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K
  
99+
10.60 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K
  
19
37.03 J/mol·K
  
2
Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)
  
35
9.40 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K
  
8
68.10 J/mol.K
  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol
  
38
359.40 kJ/mol
  
21
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol
  
29
10.05 kJ/mol
  
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol
  
36
352.00 kJ/mol
  
27