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Properties of Holmium and Ytterbium


Properties of Ytterbium & Holmium


Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,461.00 °C   
30
824.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C   
99+
1,196.00 °C   
99+

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa   
13
343.00 MPa   
31

Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa   
23
206.00 MPa   
33

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   

Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s   
30
1,590.00 m/s   
99+

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ho   
Yb   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
34   
5
30   
9

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.23   
37
Not Available   

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10   
30
1.06   
33

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.77   
17
Not Available   

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol   
99+
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr   
29
2.15 g/amp-hr   
25

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3   
99+
6.90 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3   
26
6.21 g/cm3   
99+

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
16
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
58.00 MPa   
18

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa   
28
9.90 GPa   
99+

Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa   
32
30.50 GPa   
39

Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa   
31
23.90 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.23   
29
0.21   
33

Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable, 
?
Sectility is the ability to be cut into pieces. Metals and paper are sectile.Sectile
  
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable
  

Periodic Table

Symbol
Ho   
Yb   

Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block
  
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block
  

Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide
  
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide
  

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
67   
99+
70   
99+

Atomic Weight
164.93 amu   
99+
173.05 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol   
24
24.79 cm3/mol   
9

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 6s2   

Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)   
31
50.30 (-eV)   
27

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
67   
99+
70   
99+

Number of Neutrons
98   
34
103   
31

Number of Electrons
67   
99+
70   
99+

Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100   

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
176.00 pm   
18

Covalent Radius
192.00 pm   
17
187.00 pm   
20

Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
242.00 pm   
12

Lattice Constant
357.73 pm   
38
548.47 pm   
11

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Next Element
Erbium
  
Lutetium
  

Previous Element
Dysprosium
  
Thulium
  

Magnetic Properties

Electrical Properties
  
  

Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m   
4
0.25 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.04 106/cm Ω   
38

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
8.80   
35
6.97   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  

Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   

Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36

Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K   
99+
38.50 W/m·K   
35

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
26.30 K   
7

Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K   
19
26.74 J/mol·K   
25

Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)   
35
26.30 µm/(m·K)   
14

Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K   
8
59.90 J/mol.K   
21

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol   
38
128.90 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol   
29
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol   
36
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+

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