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Properties of Lanthanum and Promethium

Lanthanum
Promethium
Properties of Promethium & Lanthanum


Physical Properties
Melting Point
920.00 °C   
99+
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C   
18
3,000.00 °C   
31
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa   
30
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa   
26
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s   
37
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
La   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10   
99+
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
1.07   
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90   
10
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol   
99+
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol   
99+
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV   
31
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3   
99+
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
15
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa   
40
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa   
99+
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa   
99+
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
La   
Pm   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
57   
99+
61   
99+
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu   
99+
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol   
16
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)   
99+
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
57   
99+
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
84   
40
Number of Electrons
57   
99+
61   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal structure and its double hexagonal crystal structure is one of the 7 crystal structure, The hexagonal lattice system consists of just one Bravais lattice type: the hexagonal shape.Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
?
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal structure and its double hexagonal crystal structure is one of the 7 crystal structure, The hexagonal lattice system consists of just one Bravais lattice type: the hexagonal shape.Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm   
8
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm   
6
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm   
13
236.00 pm   
16
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm   
28
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62   
2
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Cerium
  
Samarium
  
Previous Element
Barium
  
Neodymium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m   
7
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol   
23
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.17   
99+
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K   
99+
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
21
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)   
32
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K   
23
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol   
99+
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol   
16
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
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