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Properties of Praseodymium and Lithium

Praseodymium
Lithium
Properties of Lithium & Praseodymium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
935.00 °C   
99+
180.54 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C   
27
1,347.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
0.60   
21
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa   
24
5.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s   
40
6,000.00 m/s   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pr   
Li   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
8   
30
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13   
99+
0.98   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.89   
26
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
0.97   
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.97   
19
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.91   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87   
12
3.02   
8
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol   
99+
520.20 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol   
99+
7,298.10 kJ/mol   
3
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol   
99+
11,815.00 kJ/mol   
4
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr   
40
0.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
2.90 eV   
37
Other Chemical Properties
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Flammable, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
0.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3   
39
0.51 g/cm3   
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
25
109.00 (Pa)   
2
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)   
7
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa   
39
4.20 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa   
40
11.00 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa   
99+
4.90 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
16
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr   
Li   
Group Number
Not Available   
1   
17
Period Number
6   
2   
Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
?
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table that includes elements from the first two columns, the alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2), plus helium.s block   
Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
?
All alkali metals are placed under group number 1 and s-block of periodic table. These metals are highly reactive and are found in ores of other metals and minerals. Alkali metals can be easily distinguished from others as these metals have only 1 electronAlkali   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
59   
99+
3   
99+
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu   
99+
6.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol   
15
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2   
[He] 2s1   
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)   
99+
19.00 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59   
99+
3   
99+
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
4   
99+
Number of Electrons
59   
99+
3   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm   
11
152.00 pm   
31
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm   
9
128.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm   
14
182.00 pm   
35
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm   
29
351.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Beryllium
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m   
99+
92.80 nΩ·m   
33
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω   
19
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
59.60 kJ/mol   
16
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77   
99+
0.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
3.60 J/(kg K)   
1
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K   
99+
84.80 W/m·K   
20
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
3,223.00 K   
1
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K   
18
24.86 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)   
99+
46.00 µm/(m·K)   
7
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K   
10
29.10 J/mol.K   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol   
29
134.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol   
99+
3.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol   
24
160.70 kJ/mol   
99+
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