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Properties of Promethium and Hafnium

Promethium
Hafnium
Properties of Hafnium & Promethium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C   
99+
2,150.00 °C   
10
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C   
31
5,400.00 °C   
5
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
1,450.00 MPa   
6
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,520.00 MPa   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,010.00 m/s   
27
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm   
Hf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.30   
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.23   
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.16   
37
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.90 eV   
27
Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
13.31 g/cm3   
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
12.00 g/cm3   
12
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
445.00 MPa   
8
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
30.00 GPa   
23
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa   
36
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa   
38
78.00 GPa   
25
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm   
Hf   
Group Number
Not Available   
4   
14
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61   
99+
72   
99+
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu   
99+
178.49 amu   
39
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
13.60 cm3/mol   
38
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2   
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)   
39
81.00 (-eV)   
16
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61   
99+
72   
99+
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
106   
29
Number of Electrons
61   
99+
72   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal structure and its double hexagonal crystal structure is one of the 7 crystal structure, The hexagonal lattice system consists of just one Bravais lattice type: the hexagonal shape.Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm   
10
159.00 pm   
28
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm   
12
175.00 pm   
23
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm   
16
200.00 pm   
28
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
319.64 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
Unknown   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Tantalum
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Lutetium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
331.00 nΩ·m   
14
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.03 106/cm Ω   
39
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26   
99+
13.31   
18
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
23.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.73 J/mol·K   
36
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
5.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
43.60 J/mol.K   
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
661.10 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
25.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
703.00 kJ/mol   
5
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