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Properties of Ruthenium and Gold

Ruthenium
Gold
Properties of Gold & Ruthenium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,250.00 °C   
8
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C   
14
2,807.00 °C   
36
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa   
3
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
216.00 MPa   
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2
Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s   
4
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ru   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
2.54   
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.54   
25
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol   
32
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol   
37
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
4.71 eV   
9
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3   
27
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3   
16
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa   
4
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa   
7
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa   
3
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.30   
14
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ru   
Au   
Group Number
8   
10
11   
7
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
44   
99+
79   
37
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu   
99+
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)   
22
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
44   
99+
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
57   
99+
118   
23
Number of Electrons
44   
99+
79   
37
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
166.00 pm   
39
Lattice Constant
270.59 pm   
99+
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
11
1.61   
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Rhodium
  
Mercury
  
Previous Element
Technetium
  
Platinum
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m   
38
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
16
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol   
10
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.45   
19
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
24
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K   
13
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K   
99+
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol   
10
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol   
7
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol   
9
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
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