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Properties of Ruthenium and Rhodium


Properties of Rhodium & Ruthenium


Physical Properties

Melting Point
2,250.00 °C   
8
1,966.00 °C   
12

Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C   
14
3,727.00 °C   
17

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
6.00   
6

Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa   
3
980.00 MPa   
9

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,100.00 MPa   
9

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   

Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4

Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s   
4
4,700.00 m/s   
15

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ru   
Rh   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
26   
13
16   
23

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
2.28   
3

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.45   
16

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.54   
25
1.56   
24

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
1.72   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol   
32
719.70 kJ/mol   
29

2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol   
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26

3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol   
37
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.71 eV   
9
4.98 eV   
6

Other Chemical Properties
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes
  

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3   
27
12.41 g/cm3   
28

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3   
16
10.70 g/cm3   
14

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
0.02 (Pa)   
19

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
951.00 MPa   
5

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa   
4
150.00 GPa   
6

Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa   
7
275.00 GPa   
5

Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa   
3
380.00 GPa   
5

Poisson Ratio
0.30   
14
0.26   
22

Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable
  
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable
  

Periodic Table

Symbol
Ru   
Rh   

Group Number
8   
10
9   
9

Period Number
5   
5   

Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block
  
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block
  

Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal
  
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal
  

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
44   
99+
45   
99+

Atomic Weight
101.07 amu   
99+
102.91 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1   
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   

Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)   
22
64.00 (-eV)   
22

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
44   
99+
45   
99+

Number of Neutrons
57   
99+
58   
99+

Number of Electrons
44   
99+
45   
99+

Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  

Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
134.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
142.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28

Lattice Constant
270.59 pm   
99+
380.34 pm   
27

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
11
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Next Element
Rhodium
  
Palladium
  

Previous Element
Technetium
  
Ruthenium
  

Magnetic Properties

Electrical Properties
  
  

Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m   
38
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
16
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8

Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol   
10
109.70 kJ/mol   
7

Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
12.45   
19
12.41   
20

Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  

Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   

Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
24
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22

Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K   
13
150.00 W/m·K   
9

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K   
99+
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol   
10
495.40 kJ/mol   
12

Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol   
7
21.76 kJ/mol   
10

Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol   
9
556.50 kJ/mol   
12

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