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Properties of Thallium and Aluminium

Thallium
Aluminium
Properties of Aluminium & Thallium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
303.50 °C   
99+
660.37 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C   
99+
2,467.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
2.75   
13
Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa   
99+
160.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
160.00 MPa   
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
71.00 %   
10
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s   
99+
5,000.00 m/s   
10
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tl   
Al   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
11   
27
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.62   
21
1.61   
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25   
5
1.71   
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96   
6
1.83   
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.79   
13
1.61   
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.38   
33
2.39   
32
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.84 eV   
28
4.28 eV   
19
Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3   
31
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3   
13
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)   
5
0.00 (Pa)   
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
40.00 MPa   
19
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa   
99+
26.00 GPa   
29
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa   
28
76.00 GPa   
18
Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa   
99+
70.00 GPa   
28
Poisson Ratio
0.45   
2
0.35   
9
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Sectility is the ability to be cut into pieces. Metals and paper are sectile.Sectile   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tl   
Al   
Group Number
13   
5
13   
5
Period Number
6   
3   
Block
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
Element Family
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
81   
35
13   
99+
Atomic Weight
204.38 amu   
31
26.98 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
80.70 (-eV)   
17
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
81   
35
13   
99+
Number of Neutrons
123   
20
14   
99+
Number of Electrons
81   
35
13   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
143.00 pm   
37
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
121.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm   
30
184.00 pm   
34
Lattice Constant
345.66 pm   
99+
404.95 pm   
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60   
6
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Lead
  
Potassium
  
Previous Element
Mercury
  
Magnesium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.85   
22
2.72   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
4
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K   
33
237.00 W/m·K   
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
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