1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74407137440575
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
- Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
2.2 Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Unknown
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.8 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.9 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
-
It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.5 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.02 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
900.00 °C1,064.43 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C2,807.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.4 Brinell Hardness
4.4.6 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.3 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.6 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.8 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.11 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol890.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.4 2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol1,980.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.6 3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/molNA
1600
34230
5.5.8 4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
5.6.1 5th Energy Level
5.7.1 6th Energy Level
6.1.1 7th Energy level
6.1.2 8th Energy Level
6.4.2 9th Energy Level
6.4.3 10th Energy Level
6.4.5 11th Energy Level
6.4.6 12th Energy Level
6.4.8 13th Energy Level
6.4.9 14th Energy Level
6.4.10 15th Energy Level
6.5.2 16th Energy Level
6.5.3 17th Energy Level
6.5.5 18th Energy Level
6.5.6 19th Energy Level
6.5.8 20th Energy Level
6.5.9 21st Energy Level
6.6.1 22nd Energy Level
6.6.2 23rd Energy Level
6.7.1 24th Energy Level
6.10.1 25th Energy Level
6.12.1 26th Energy Level
7.1.2 27th Energy Level
7.1.4 28th Energy Level
7.3.1 29th Energy Level
7.4.2 30th Energy Level
7.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr2.45 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
7.7 Electron Work Function
7.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
8.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
8.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
8.3.1 Crystal Lattice
8.4 Atom
8.4.1 Number of Protons
1.2.1 Number of Neutrons
1.2.2 Number of Electrons
1.5 Radius of an Atom
1.5.1 Atomic Radius
186.00 pm151.00 pm
112
265
2.1.2 Covalent Radius
2.4.1 Van der Waals Radius
2.7 Atomic Weight
251.00 amu196.97 amu
6.94
294
2.8 Atomic Volume
NA10.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
3.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
3.6.1 Previous Element
3.6.2 Next Element
3.7 Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)43.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
3.8 Lattice Constant
338.00 pm407.82 pm
228.58
891.25
3.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
3.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
4 Mechanical
4.1 Density
4.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm319.30 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
4.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.2 Tensile Strength
4.3 Viscosity
6.2 Vapor Pressure
6.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
6.2.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA67.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
7.2 Elasticity properties
7.2.1 Shear Modulus
7.4.1 Bulk Modulus
7.5.1 Young's Modulus
7.8 Poisson Ratio
7.10 Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
8.1.3 Permeability
8.2.1 Susceptibility
8.3 Electrical Properties
8.3.1 Electrical Property
8.3.2 Resistivity
8.5.2 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.45 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.6.2 Electron Affinity
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
10.3 Molar Heat Capacity
NA25.42 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
10.5 Thermal Conductivity
10.7 Critical Temperature
10.8 Thermal Expansion
10.9 Enthalpy
10.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA324.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
10.9.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.9.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
10.11 Standard Molar Entropy
NA47.40 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1