Copper Properties

Copper

Physical

Melting Point

1,084.62 °C 40

Boiling Point

2,562.00 °C 43

Hardness

Mohs Hardness

3.00 12

Brinell Hardness

235.00 MPa 38

Vickers Hardness

343.00 MPa 28

Optical Properties

Refractive Index

Not Available 0

Reflectivity

90.00 % 3

Speed of Sound

3,810.00 m/s 19

Allotropes

No 0

α Allotropes

Not Available 0

β Allotropes

Not Available 0

γ Allotropes

Not Available 0

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Cu 0

Isotopes

Known Isotopes

29 10

Electronegativity

Pauling Electronegativity

1.90 11

Sanderson Electronegativity

1.98 9

Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.75 3

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.49 14

Allen Electronegativity

1.85 9

Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

2.10 42

Ionization Energies

1st Energy Level

745.50 kJ/mol 22

2nd Energy Level

1,957.90 kJ/mol 15

3rd Energy Level

3,555.00 kJ/mol 15

Electrochemical Equivalent

1.19 g/amp-hr 53

Electron Work Function

4.65 eV 11

Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility 0

Mechanical

Density

Density At Room Temperature

8.96 g/cm³ 43

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

8.02 g/cm3 27

Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

1.53 (Pa) 8

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

Not Available 0

Tensile Strength

Not Available 0

Viscosity

Not Available 0

Elasticity properties

Shear Modulus

48.00 GPa 15

Bulk Modulus

140.00 GPa 12

Young's Modulus

120.00 GPa 17

Poisson Ratio

0.34 10

Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable 0

Periodic Table

Symbol

Cu 0

Group Number

11 7

Period Number

4 4

Block

d block 0

Element Family

Transition Metal 0

Atomic

Atomic Number

29 78

Atomic Weight

63.55 amu 72

Atomic Volume

7.10 cm3/mol 61

Electron Configuration

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ 0

Valence Electron Potential

34.00 (-eV) 50

Atom

Number of Protons

29 77

Number of Neutrons

35 58

Number of Electrons

29 77

Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC) 0

Crystal Lattice

FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100 0

Radius of an Atom

Atomic Radius

128.00 pm 46

Covalent Radius

132.00 pm 48

Van der Waals Radius

140.00 pm 44

Lattice Constant

361.49 pm 35

Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2 0

Lattice C/A Ratio

Not Available 0

Adjacent Atomic Numbers

Next Element

21 0

Previous Element

22 0

Magnetic

Electrical Properties

Resistivity

16.78 nΩ·m 50

Electrical Conductivity

0.60 10⁶/cm Ω 2

Electron Affinity

222.80 kJ/mol 1

Electrical Property

Conductor 0

Magnetic Characteristics

Specific Gravity

8.89 34

Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic 0

Permeability

1.256629 * 10^-6 H/m 5

Susceptibility

-9.63 * 10^-6 4

Thermal

Specific Heat

0.38 J/(kg K) 15

Thermal Conductivity

401.00 W/m·K 2

Critical Temperature

Not Available 0

Molar Heat Capacity

24.44 J/mol·K 51

Thermal Expansion

16.50 µm/(m·K) 25

Standard Molar Entropy

33.20 J/mol.K 45

Enthalpy

Enthalpy of Vaporization

283.70 kJ/mol 33

Enthalpy of Fusion

7.11 kJ/mol 46

Enthalpy of Atomization

338.90 kJ/mol 29

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