1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.2 Period Number
3.2 Block
3.3 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
3.4 CAS Number
74399987440484
7429905
54386242
3.6 Space Group Name
3.7 Space Group Number
5 Facts
5.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
5.2 Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
5.3 History
5.3.1 Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson
Georg Brandt
5.3.2 Discovery
5.4 Abundance
5.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
6.2.1 Abundance In Meteorites
6.4.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.7.1 Abundance In Oceans
6.8.2 Abundance In Humans
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
-
Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
-
Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
7.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
7.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
7.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
7.2 Biological Properties
7.2.1 Toxicity
7.2.2 Present in Human Body
7.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.04 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
8.1.1 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.04 p.p.m.
0
170000
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
640.00 °C1,495.00 °C
27
3410
9.3 Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C2,870.00 °C
147
5660
9.6 Appearance
9.6.1 Physical State
9.6.2 Color
9.6.3 Luster
9.7 Hardness
9.7.1 Mohs Hardness
9.8.1 Brinell Hardness
9.9.1 Vickers Hardness
9.11 Speed of Sound
9.13 Optical Properties
9.13.1 Refractive Index
9.13.3 Reflectivity
9.14 Allotropes
9.14.1 α Allotropes
9.14.2 β Allotropes
9.14.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10 Chemical
10.1 Chemical Formula
10.2 Isotopes
10.2.1 Known Isotopes
10.4 Electronegativity
10.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
10.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
10.4.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
10.4.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.4.5 Allen Electronegativity
10.5 Electropositivity
10.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
10.6 Ionization Energies
10.6.1 1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.6.2 2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol1,648.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.6.3 3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol3,232.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.6.4 4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol4,950.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
10.6.5 5th Energy Level
NA7,670.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
10.6.6 6th Energy Level
NA9,840.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
10.6.7 7th Energy level
NA12,440.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
10.6.8 8th Energy Level
NA15,230.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
10.6.9 9th Energy Level
NA17,959.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
10.6.10 10th Energy Level
NA26,570.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
10.6.11 11th Energy Level
NA29,400.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
10.6.12 12th Energy Level
NA32,400.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
10.6.13 13th Energy Level
NA36,600.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
10.6.14 14th Energy Level
NA39,700.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
10.6.15 15th Energy Level
NA42,800.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
10.6.16 16th Energy Level
NA49,396.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
10.6.17 17th Energy Level
NA52,737.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
10.6.18 18th Energy Level
NA134,810.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
10.6.19 19th Energy Level
NA145,170.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
10.6.20 20th Energy Level
NA154,700.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
10.6.21 21st Energy Level
NA167,400.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
10.6.22 22nd Energy Level
NA178,100.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
10.6.23 23rd Energy Level
NA189,300.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
10.6.24 24th Energy Level
10.6.25 25th Energy Level
10.6.26 26th Energy Level
10.6.27 27th Energy Level
10.6.28 28th Energy Level
10.6.29 29th Energy Level
10.6.30 30th Energy Level
10.7 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.8 Electron Work Function
10.9 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
11.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
11.3 Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
11.3.1 Crystal Lattice
11.4 Atom
11.4.1 Number of Protons
11.4.2 Number of Neutrons
11.4.3 Number of Electrons
11.5 Radius of an Atom
11.5.1 Atomic Radius
155.00 pm147.00 pm
112
265
11.5.2 Covalent Radius
190.00 pm160.00 pm
96
260
11.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
11.6 Atomic Weight
237.00 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
11.7 Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.8.1 Previous Element
11.8.2 Next Element
11.9 Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.10 Lattice Constant
666.30 pm295.08 pm
228.58
891.25
11.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
11.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.2 Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa434.00 MPa
2.5
11000
12.3 Viscosity
12.4 Vapor Pressure
12.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)0.98 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
12.5 Elasticity properties
12.5.1 Shear Modulus
12.5.2 Bulk Modulus
12.5.3 Young's Modulus
12.6 Poisson Ratio
12.7 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.1.3 Permeability
13.1.4 Susceptibility
13.2 Electrical Properties
13.2.1 Electrical Property
13.2.2 Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.2.4 Electron Affinity
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.3 Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.4 Critical Temperature
14.5 Thermal Expansion
14.6 Enthalpy
14.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA429.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
14.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
14.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
14.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1