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Properties of Bismuth and Palladium


Properties of Palladium & Bismuth


Physical Properties

Melting Point
271.30 °C   
99+
1,554.90 °C   
22

Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C   
99+
2,963.00 °C   
33

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
2.25   
15
4.75   
9

Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa   
99+
320.00 MPa   
33

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
121.00 MPa   
36

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.72   
1

Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4

Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
3,070.00 m/s   
26

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Bi   
Pd   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
33   
6
38   
1

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.02   
6
2.20   
4

Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34   
3
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67   
6
1.35   
21

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15   
4
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
2.01   
4
1.59   
22

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
1.98   
99+
1.80   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2

3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30

Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
5.12 eV   
3

Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3   
39
12.02 g/cm3   
29

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3   
18
10.38 g/cm3   
17

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
27

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa   
99+
44.00 GPa   
17

Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa   
38
180.00 GPa   
9

Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa   
99+
121.00 GPa   
16

Poisson Ratio
0.33   
11
0.39   
5

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable, 
?
Weldability of metals defines their ability to be welded.This property of metals also known as joinability.Weldable
  

Periodic Table

Symbol
Bi   
Pd   

Group Number
15   
3
10   
8

Period Number
6   
5   

Block
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block
  
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block
  

Element Family
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition
  
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal
  

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
83   
33
46   
99+

Atomic Weight
208.98 amu   
29
106.42 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
[Kr] 4d10   

Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
33.00 (-eV)   
99+

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
83   
33
46   
99+

Number of Neutrons
126   
18
60   
99+

Number of Electrons
83   
33
46   
99+

Crystal Structure
?
Rhombohedral crystal lattice structure comes under trigonal crystal structure. The Rhombohedral crystal structure is a term associated trigonal crystal structure with the rhombohedral lattice.Rhombohedral (RHO)
  
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  

Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
137.00 pm   
40

Covalent Radius
148.00 pm   
36
139.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm   
26
163.00 pm   
40

Lattice Constant
667.40 pm   
2
389.07 pm   
25

Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Next Element
Polonium
  
Silver
  

Previous Element
Lead
  
Rhodium
  

Magnetic Properties

Electrical Properties
  
  

Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
105.40 nΩ·m   
29

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22

Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
54.23 kJ/mol   
17

Electrical Property
?
Semiconductor metals have conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.Semiconductor
  
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
9.79   
30
12.02   
21

Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic
  
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic
  

Permeability
0.00 H/m   
6
Not Available   

Susceptibility
0.00   
6
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23

Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
71.80 W/m·K   
23

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
25.98 J/mol·K   
33

Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33

Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
37.60 J/mol.K   
40

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
376.60 kJ/mol   
19

Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
16.74 kJ/mol   
18

Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
393.30 kJ/mol   
22

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