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Properties of Calcium and Sodium


Properties of Sodium & Calcium


Physical Properties

Melting Point
839.00 °C   
99+
97.72 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
1,484.00 °C   
99+
883.00 °C   
99+

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
1.75   
17
0.50   
22

Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa   
99+
0.69 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   

Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s   
19
3,200.00 m/s   
24

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ca   
Na   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
19   
20
17   
22

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.00   
99+
0.93   
99+

Sanderson Electronegativity
0.95   
24
0.56   
30

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.04   
34
1.01   
35

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.08   
17
0.91   
21

Allen Electronegativity
1.03   
39
0.87   
99+

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
3.00   
9
3.07   
6

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
495.80 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
4,562.00 kJ/mol   
4

3rd Energy Level
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
6,910.30 kJ/mol   
6

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.86 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
2.87 eV   
38
2.75 eV   
40

Other Chemical Properties
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Flammability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Flammability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
0.97 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
0.93 g/cm3   
99+

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.50 (Pa)   
3
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
7.40 GPa   
99+
3.30 GPa   
99+

Bulk Modulus
17.00 GPa   
99+
6.30 GPa   
99+

Young's Modulus
20.00 GPa   
99+
10.00 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.31   
13
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   

Periodic Table

Symbol
Ca   
Na   

Group Number
2   
16
1   
17

Period Number
4   
3   

Block
?
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table that includes elements from the first two columns, the alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2), plus helium.s block
  
?
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table that includes elements from the first two columns, the alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2), plus helium.s block
  

Element Family
?
All alkaline earth metals are placed under group number 2 and s-block of periodic table. These metals are somewhat reactive at standard conditions. Alkaline earth metals appear shiny, silvery-white and are found in the earth’s crust.Alkaline Earth
  
?
All alkali metals are placed under group number 1 and s-block of periodic table. These metals are highly reactive and are found in ores of other metals and minerals. Alkali metals can be easily distinguished from others as these metals have only 1 electronAlkali
  

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
20   
99+
11   
99+

Atomic Weight
40.08 amu   
99+
22.99 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
23.70 cm3/mol   
10

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s2   
[Ne] 3s1   

Valence Electron Potential
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
14.10 (-eV)   
99+

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
20   
99+
11   
99+

Number of Neutrons
20   
99+
12   
99+

Number of Electrons
20   
99+
11   
99+

Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
197.00 pm   
6
186.00 pm   
9

Covalent Radius
176.00 pm   
22
166.00 pm   
27

Van der Waals Radius
231.00 pm   
19
227.00 pm   
21

Lattice Constant
558.84 pm   
9
429.06 pm   
19

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Next Element
Scandium
  
Magnesium
  

Previous Element
Potassium
  
Beryllium
  

Magnetic Properties

Electrical Properties
  
  

Resistivity
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
47.70 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
0.21 106/cm Ω   
9

Electron Affinity
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
52.80 kJ/mol   
19

Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
4.58   
99+
0.97   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic
  
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  

Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   

Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
1.23 J/(kg K)   
3

Thermal Conductivity
201.00 W/m·K   
5
142.00 W/m·K   
11

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,573.00 K   
2

Molar Heat Capacity
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
28.23 J/mol·K   
10

Thermal Expansion
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
71.00 µm/(m·K)   
4

Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
51.30 J/mol.K   
28

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
89.04 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
2.59 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
108.40 kJ/mol   
99+

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