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Properties of Europium and Gold

Europium
Gold
Properties of Gold & Europium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C   
99+
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C   
99+
2,807.00 °C   
36
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa   
34
216.00 MPa   
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
2.54   
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01   
22
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol   
99+
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr   
33
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV   
99+
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3   
99+
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3   
99+
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)   
4
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa   
99+
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa   
99+
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa   
99+
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.15   
34
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu   
Au   
Group Number
Not Available   
11   
7
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63   
99+
79   
37
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu   
99+
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol   
8
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)   
35
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63   
99+
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
89   
38
118   
23
Number of Electrons
63   
99+
79   
37
Crystal Structure
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm   
18
166.00 pm   
39
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm   
17
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.61   
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Mercury
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Platinum
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m   
99+
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24   
99+
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K   
99+
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K   
16
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)   
8
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K   
4
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol   
99+
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol   
37
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
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