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Properties of Niobium and Ruthenium

Niobium
Ruthenium
Properties of Ruthenium & Niobium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C   
6
2,250.00 °C   
8
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C   
99+
3,900.00 °C   
14
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
6.50   
5
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa   
14
2,160.00 MPa   
3
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s   
21
5,970.00 m/s   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nb   
Ru   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17   
22
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60   
23
2.20   
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42   
16
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.41   
31
1.54   
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40   
31
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
710.20 kJ/mol   
32
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
710.22 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,747.00 kJ/mol   
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV   
18
4.71 eV   
9
Other Chemical Properties
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
12.45 g/cm3   
27
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.65 g/cm3   
16
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
27
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa   
19
173.00 GPa   
4
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa   
10
220.00 GPa   
7
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa   
20
447.00 GPa   
3
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.30   
14
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb   
Ru   
Group Number
5   
13
8   
10
Period Number
5   
5   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
41   
99+
44   
99+
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu   
99+
101.07 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
[Kr] 4d7 5s1   
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)   
8
64.00 (-eV)   
22
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41   
99+
44   
99+
Number of Neutrons
52   
99+
57   
99+
Number of Electrons
41   
99+
44   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm   
35
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm   
28
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm   
99+
270.59 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
11
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Rhodium
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Technetium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
71.00 nΩ·m   
38
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
0.14 106/cm Ω   
16
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
101.30 kJ/mol   
10
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57   
37
12.45   
19
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
0.24 J/(kg K)   
24
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K   
29
117.00 W/m·K   
13
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
28.50 J/mol.K   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
567.80 kJ/mol   
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
25.50 kJ/mol   
7
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
603.00 kJ/mol   
9
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