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Properties of Polonium and Gold

Polonium
Gold
Properties of Gold & Polonium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
2,807.00 °C   
36
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
216.00 MPa   
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
?
simple cubic (metallic)Α-Polonium   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
?
rhombohedral (metallic)Β-Polonium   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
2.54   
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Po   
Au   
Group Number
16   
2
11   
7
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
Element Family
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84   
32
79   
37
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84   
32
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
118   
23
Number of Electrons
84   
32
79   
37
Crystal Structure
?
The mono-clinic crystal structure is one of the seven lattice point groups. Here vectors of crystal have unequal lengths. Here vectors of crystal have unequal lengths and have two vectors perpendicular to the 3rd oneMonoclinic (MON)   
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
166.00 pm   
39
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.61   
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Mercury
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Platinum
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
?
Nonmagnetic metals are non magnetic in nature and do not show or exhibit any magnetic properties.Nonmagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
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