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Properties of Rutherfordium and Praseodymium

Rutherfordium
Praseodymium
Properties of Praseodymium & Rutherfordium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C   
11
935.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C   
3
3,130.00 °C   
27
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
481.00 MPa   
24
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
400.00 MPa   
25
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,280.00 m/s   
40
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rf   
Pr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13   
26
31   
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.13   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.07   
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.87   
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
527.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
1,020.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2,086.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
Not Available   
1.75 g/amp-hr   
40
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.70 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces.Radioactivity   
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm3   
8
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
6.50 g/cm3   
39
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
13.20 (Pa)   
7
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
14.80 GPa   
39
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
28.80 GPa   
40
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
37.30 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.28   
16
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Rf   
Pr   
Group Number
4   
14
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
104   
14
59   
99+
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu   
11
140.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
20.80 cm3/mol   
15
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
[Xe] 4f3 6s2   
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
42.64 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
104   
14
59   
99+
Number of Neutrons
157   
7
82   
99+
Number of Electrons
104   
14
59   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm   
33
182.00 pm   
11
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm   
31
203.00 pm   
9
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
239.00 pm   
14
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
367.25 pm   
29
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.61   
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Dubnium
  
Neodymium
  
Previous Element
Lawrencium
  
Cerium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
Not Available   
0.70 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrical Property
Unknown   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
6.77   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
12.50 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
27.20 J/mol·K   
18
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
6.70 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
73.20 J/mol.K   
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
296.80 kJ/mol   
29
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
6.89 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
368.00 kJ/mol   
24
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