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Properties of Samarium and Ruthenium


Properties of Ruthenium & Samarium


Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,072.00 °C   
99+
2,250.00 °C   
8

Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C   
99+
3,900.00 °C   
14

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.50   
5

Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa   
27
2,160.00 MPa   
3

Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa   
24
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   

Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s   
99+
5,970.00 m/s   
4

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Sm   
Ru   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
30   
9
26   
13

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.17   
40
2.20   
4

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.42   
18

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.54   
25

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.83   
14
1.80   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol   
99+
710.20 kJ/mol   
32

2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol   
99+
710.22 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,747.00 kJ/mol   
37

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr   
34
1.26 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
4.71 eV   
9

Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes
  
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3   
99+
12.45 g/cm3   
27

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3   
32
10.65 g/cm3   
16

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)   
9
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
23

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa   
34
173.00 GPa   
4

Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa   
35
220.00 GPa   
7

Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa   
37
447.00 GPa   
3

Poisson Ratio
0.27   
19
0.30   
14

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable
  

Periodic Table

Symbol
Sm   
Ru   

Group Number
Not Available   
8   
10

Period Number
6   
5   

Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block
  
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block
  

Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide
  
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal
  

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
62   
99+
44   
99+

Atomic Weight
150.36 amu   
99+
101.07 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol   
19
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2   
[Kr] 4d7 5s1   

Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)   
37
64.00 (-eV)   
22

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
62   
99+
44   
99+

Number of Neutrons
88   
39
57   
99+

Number of Electrons
62   
99+
44   
99+

Crystal Structure
?
Rhombohedral crystal lattice structure comes under trigonal crystal structure. The Rhombohedral crystal structure is a term associated trigonal crystal structure with the rhombohedral lattice.Rhombohedral (RHO)
  
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  

Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100   
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100   

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
134.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
146.00 pm   
38

Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm   
20
200.00 pm   
28

Lattice Constant
362.10 pm   
33
270.59 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
11

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Next Element
Europium
  
Rhodium
  

Previous Element
Promethium
  
Technetium
  

Magnetic Properties

Electrical Properties
  
  

Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m   
99+
71.00 nΩ·m   
38

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω   
16

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
101.30 kJ/mol   
10

Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
7.52   
99+
12.45   
19

Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  

Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   

Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
31
0.24 J/(kg K)   
24

Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K   
99+
117.00 W/m·K   
13

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K   
7
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)   
30
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K   
15
28.50 J/mol.K   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol   
99+
567.80 kJ/mol   
10

Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol   
40
25.50 kJ/mol   
7

Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol   
99+
603.00 kJ/mol   
9

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