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Properties of Thallium and Polonium

Thallium
Polonium
Properties of Polonium & Thallium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
303.50 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
?
simple cubic (metallic)Α-Polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
?
rhombohedral (metallic)Β-Polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tl   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.62   
21
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25   
5
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96   
6
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.79   
13
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.38   
33
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
3.84 eV   
28
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3   
31
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3   
13
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa   
28
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.45   
2
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Sectility is the ability to be cut into pieces. Metals and paper are sectile.Sectile   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tl   
Po   
Group Number
13   
5
16   
2
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
Element Family
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
81   
35
84   
32
Atomic Weight
204.38 amu   
31
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
81   
35
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
123   
20
125   
19
Number of Electrons
81   
35
84   
32
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
The mono-clinic crystal structure is one of the seven lattice point groups. Here vectors of crystal have unequal lengths. Here vectors of crystal have unequal lengths and have two vectors perpendicular to the 3rd oneMonoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm   
30
197.00 pm   
29
Lattice Constant
345.66 pm   
99+
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60   
6
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Lead
  
Francium
  
Previous Element
Mercury
  
Bismuth
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.85   
22
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
?
Nonmagnetic metals are non magnetic in nature and do not show or exhibit any magnetic properties.Nonmagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K   
33
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
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