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Properties of Tin and Cobalt

Tin
Cobalt
Properties of Cobalt & Tin


Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C   
99+
1,495.00 °C   
29
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C   
99+
2,870.00 °C   
34
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
5.00   
8
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa   
99+
470.00 MPa   
26
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,043.00 MPa   
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s   
32
4,720.00 m/s   
14
Allotropes
Yes   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (Alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
?
It forms above 417 °C simple cubic (metallic)Α-Cobalt   
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
?
It forms below 417 °C hexagonal close packed (hcp) (metallic)Β-Cobalt   
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (Gamma Tin)   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn   
Co   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96   
8
1.88   
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49   
15
2.56   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72   
4
1.70   
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21   
3
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.82   
11
1.84   
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04   
99+
2.12   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV   
16
5.00 eV   
5
Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3   
34
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
434.00 MPa   
9
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa   
20
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
116.00 GPa   
18
Poisson Ratio
0.36   
8
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn   
Co   
Group Number
14   
4
9   
9
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
Element Family
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50   
99+
22   
99+
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)   
14
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50   
99+
22   
99+
Number of Neutrons
69   
99+
26   
99+
Number of Electrons
50   
99+
22   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
The tetragonal crystal structure occur as a result of stretching a cubic lattice along one of its lattice vectors due to which cube becomes a rectangular prism with a square shape at base.Tetragonal (TETR)   
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm   
38
147.00 pm   
34
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm   
23
200.00 pm   
28
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm   
7
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Nickel
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Iron
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Electrical Property
?
Under certain conditions, superconductor metals offer zero resistance to electric current it means this type of metals will conduct electricity without any resistance.Superconductor   
?
Poor conductor metals have moderate resistance to electric currents. They can conduct electric current through them with very low efficiency.Poor Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
4,500.00   
1
Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K   
25
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
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