Properties of Tin and Gadolinium
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C
  
35
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
  
99+
3,233.00 °C
  
25
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
  
32
2,680.00 m/s
  
34
Allotropes
Yes
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (Alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (Gamma Tin)
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Sn
  
Gd
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
  
33
593.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
  
30
1,990.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.96 g/amp-hr
  
32
Other Chemical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
  
99+
7.90 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Symbol
Sn
  
Gd
  
Period Number
5
  
6
  
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
  
32
19.90 cm3/mol
  
20
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
  
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
  
14
46.10 (-eV)
  
34
Atom
  
  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
  
23
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
  
8
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
28
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
27
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
  
25
10.60 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
  
20
37.03 J/mol·K
  
2
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
  
20
9.40 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
  
29
68.10 J/mol.K
  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
  
32
359.40 kJ/mol
  
21
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
  
99+
10.05 kJ/mol
  
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
  
35
352.00 kJ/mol
  
27