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Properties of Yttrium and Gold

Yttrium
Gold
Properties of Gold & Yttrium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C   
27
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C   
21
2,807.00 °C   
36
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa   
22
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
216.00 MPa   
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s   
23
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Y   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
19   
20
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22   
38
2.54   
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65   
29
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.12   
38
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78   
16
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Flammable, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3   
99+
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3   
99+
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
32
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)   
10
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa   
30
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa   
30
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa   
32
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
26
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Y   
Au   
Group Number
3   
15
11   
7
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
39   
99+
79   
37
Atomic Weight
88.91 amu   
99+
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol   
21
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)   
30
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
39   
99+
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
50   
99+
118   
23
Number of Electrons
39   
99+
79   
37
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm   
18
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
166.00 pm   
39
Lattice Constant
364.74 pm   
31
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
16
1.61   
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Zirconium
  
Mercury
  
Previous Element
Strontium
  
Platinum
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m   
8
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol   
30
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.47   
99+
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K   
99+
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K   
27
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)   
37
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K   
33
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol   
18
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol   
16
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol   
18
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
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