1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Probably Transition
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
540837717440586
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
- Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
2.2 Sources
Synthetically Produced
By-product Zirconium Refining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.5.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.5.4 Abundance In Meteorites
2.5.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.5.8 Abundance In Oceans
2.5.10 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Darmstadtium metal are limited to research purpose only. As only few atoms of this metal are produced.
- It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
-
It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
Research Purposes
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.4 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
3.2.6 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
4.2 Boiling Point
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.3 Brinell Hardness
4.4.5 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s3,010.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.9 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
955.20 kJ/mol658.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,891.10 kJ/mol1,440.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.5 3rd Energy Level
3,029.60 kJ/mol2,250.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.7 4th Energy Level
3,955.90 kJ/mol3,216.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.10 5th Energy Level
5,113.70 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
5.5.12 6th Energy Level
5.5.14 7th Energy level
5.6.1 8th Energy Level
5.6.2 9th Energy Level
5.7.1 10th Energy Level
6.1.1 11th Energy Level
6.1.2 12th Energy Level
6.4.2 13th Energy Level
6.4.4 14th Energy Level
6.4.5 15th Energy Level
6.4.7 16th Energy Level
6.5.2 17th Energy Level
6.5.3 18th Energy Level
6.5.5 19th Energy Level
6.5.7 20th Energy Level
6.6.1 21st Energy Level
6.6.2 22nd Energy Level
6.7.1 23rd Energy Level
6.7.2 24th Energy Level
6.7.3 25th Energy Level
6.9.1 26th Energy Level
6.10.1 27th Energy Level
6.10.2 28th Energy Level
6.12.1 29th Energy Level
7.1.2 30th Energy Level
7.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
NA1.66 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
7.3 Electron Work Function
7.5 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
8.3 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d8 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
8.4 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
8.4.1 Crystal Lattice
8.5 Atom
8.5.1 Number of Protons
8.6.2 Number of Neutrons
8.6.4 Number of Electrons
8.8 Radius of an Atom
8.8.1 Atomic Radius
132.00 pm159.00 pm
112
265
8.8.2 Covalent Radius
128.00 pm175.00 pm
96
260
8.8.4 Van der Waals Radius
8.9 Atomic Weight
281.00 amu178.49 amu
6.94
294
8.10 Atomic Volume
NA13.60 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
8.12 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
8.12.1 Previous Element
8.12.2 Next Element
8.13 Valence Electron Potential
9.2 Lattice Constant
NA319.64 pm
228.58
891.25
9.3 Lattice Angles
9.4 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
10.2.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.3 Tensile Strength
10.4 Viscosity
10.5 Vapor Pressure
10.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
10.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.2 Elasticity properties
11.2.1 Shear Modulus
11.3.1 Bulk Modulus
11.4.1 Young's Modulus
11.5 Poisson Ratio
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile, Malleable
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
12.2.2 Permeability
12.2.3 Susceptibility
12.4 Electrical Properties
12.4.1 Electrical Property
12.4.2 Resistivity
12.4.4 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.03 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.4.5 Electron Affinity
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
13.3 Molar Heat Capacity
NA25.73 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.4 Thermal Conductivity
13.5 Critical Temperature
13.6 Thermal Expansion
13.7 Enthalpy
13.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA661.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
13.7.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
13.7.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
13.8 Standard Molar Entropy
NA43.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1