1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.9 CAS Number
74406007440337
7429905
54386242
1.3 Space Group Name
1.4 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
- Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine
Not Available
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %5 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.10.1 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.17.1 Abundance In Meteorites
2.19.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.4 Abundance In Oceans
3.5.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
-
Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
1.4.3 In Bone
2 Physical
2.1 Melting Point
1,461.00 °C3,410.00 °C
27
3410
2.2 Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C5,660.00 °C
147
5660
1.3 Appearance
1.3.1 Physical State
1.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Grayish White
1.3.3 Luster
1.4 Hardness
1.4.1 Mohs Hardness
3.4.2 Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa2,000.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.5.1 Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa3,430.00 MPa
121
3430
5.4 Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s4,620.00 m/s
818
16200
7.2 Optical Properties
7.2.1 Refractive Index
7.2.4 Reflectivity
8.7 Allotropes
8.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.4 Electronegativity
9.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.8.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
11.3.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
11.4.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
11.8.3 Allen Electronegativity
12.4 Electropositivity
12.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
14.3 Ionization Energies
14.3.1 1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
15.2.3 2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol1,700.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
18.2.4 3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/molNA
1600
34230
18.9.2 4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
19.1.1 5th Energy Level
19.1.6 6th Energy Level
19.8.2 7th Energy level
20.2.6 8th Energy Level
20.5.5 9th Energy Level
20.6.8 10th Energy Level
20.10.3 11th Energy Level
20.16.4 12th Energy Level
22.2.2 13th Energy Level
22.6.2 14th Energy Level
23.2.3 15th Energy Level
24.5.1 16th Energy Level
24.7.2 17th Energy Level
24.10.3 18th Energy Level
26.1.3 19th Energy Level
27.1.4 20th Energy Level
27.4.2 21st Energy Level
27.5.3 22nd Energy Level
27.8.1 23rd Energy Level
27.9.2 24th Energy Level
27.11.5 25th Energy Level
27.14.1 26th Energy Level
27.15.1 27th Energy Level
28.0.1 28th Energy Level
28.1.5 29th Energy Level
28.2.8 30th Energy Level
28.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr1.14 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
28.5 Electron Work Function
29.3 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
30 Atomic
30.1 Atomic Number
30.4 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
30.5 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
30.5.1 Crystal Lattice
30.6 Atom
30.6.1 Number of Protons
32.1.4 Number of Neutrons
1.4.3 Number of Electrons
2.6 Radius of an Atom
2.6.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm139.00 pm
112
265
2.10.2 Covalent Radius
192.00 pm162.00 pm
96
260
4.6.3 Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
4.9 Atomic Weight
164.93 amu183.84 amu
6.94
294
4.11 Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol9.53 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
4.16 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
4.16.1 Previous Element
4.16.2 Next Element
4.17 Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)140.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
4.20 Lattice Constant
357.73 pm316.52 pm
228.58
891.25
5.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
5.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm319.25 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.5.5 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm317.60 g/cm3
0.512
20
9.3 Tensile Strength
9.4 Viscosity
3.2 Vapor Pressure
3.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
3.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
5.2 Elasticity properties
5.2.1 Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa161.00 GPa
1.3
222
5.6.3 Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa310.00 GPa
1.6
462
5.9.3 Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa411.00 GPa
1.7
528
6.3 Poisson Ratio
7.3 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.2.4 Permeability
9.1.3 Susceptibility
9.3 Electrical Properties
9.3.1 Electrical Property
9.3.3 Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m52.80 nΩ·m
0.18
961
10.3.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.19 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
10.7.2 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol78.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
11 Thermal
11.1 Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
11.5 Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K24.27 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
11.10 Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K173.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
11.15 Critical Temperature
14.5 Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)4.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
15.2 Enthalpy
15.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol799.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
16.7.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol35.23 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
1.1.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol837.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
1.3 Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K32.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1